INFO
Merchant Services: How Payment Processing Works
A merchant account is a unique business checking account that allows a business to accept
credit, debit, and other electronic card payments. When a customer pays with a card, the
merchant's terminal or website sends the payment data through a payment gateway (for online
payment) or POS terminal (for in person payment) to the merchant's acquiring bank or payment
processor. The processor then connects with the networks (Visa, Mastercard, etc.) and the
customer's issuing bank to authorize and settle the transaction. If approved, the funds (minus
fees for the previous steps) are transferred into the merchant's account. After a few days, it
will show up in the business checking account.
Some modern payment platforms called payment facilitators or payment aggregators - like Stripe
or PayPal - will help you do this faster by categorizing many merchants as a one big account,
but usually give you higher flat fees.
In summary, a merchant account holds the funds for a card-sale, and communicates with banks and
networks, while payment processor or gateway is the technology service that securely routes each
transaction. Merchant services include in-store POS equipment such as card readers and
terminals, and online payment gateways that securely transmit payment data. The service provider
also provides security (PCI compliance, fraud monitoring), reporting and customer support.
Common Pricing Models for Merchant Services
Merchant account pricing typically follows one of three models: Flat-Rate, Interchange-Plus, or
Tiered.
Pricing Model |
How It Works |
Pros |
Cons |
Flat-Rate |
A fixed (and cents) percent per transaction for all cards. Charges do not depend on
card type.
|
- Easily understood and budgeted
- Fast to establish, usually by payment aggregators
|
- Less transparent: fee includes hidden markup
- This can amount to large costs on small-ticket sales
|
Interchange-Plus |
Actual interchange fee, set by card networks, plus a fixed mark-up (e.g., 0.2% +
$0.10).
|
- Transparent pricing with detailed summary
- Can be more price effective for higher volumes
- Fair and low in cost for most businesses
|
- More complicated to read statements
- Cost varies monthly
|
Tiered |
Transactions are ‘tiered’ (qualified, mid-qualified, non-qualified); each can have
its own blended rate.
|
- Simply stated advertising: providers focus on low "qualified" rate
|
- Opaque and unpredictable
- Usually most expensive overall
- Experts usually recommend against tiered pricing
|
Scalability: Grow with Your Business
A payment solution needs to grow with your business - while an early stage startup might only
need basic card acceptance, you certainly will want features such as:
Support for larger transaction volumes.
Multiple store locations or registers.
International payments and multi-currency support.
Recurring billing or subscription tools.
Access to an API for integrations.
Select a provider that allows you to easily upgrade your plan, and flexibility (without
restrictive contracts).
Choosing the Right Provider for Small Business
Things to keep in mind:
Don’t just look at the advertised rate - always verify hidden fees.
Be wary of tiered pricing or bait and switch.
Make sure that the provider integrates with your systems and accepted payment methods.
Match the provider’s strengths to your payment mix (i.e. retail POS vs online).
Compare quotes and negotiate rates.
Be careful about contract traps (auto-renewals, penalties).
Use providers with good support and good reputations.